Forecasting of COVID-19 Pandemic Using ARIMA and Fb-Prophet Models: UK Case Study

This study aims to provide insights into predicting future cases of COVID-19 infection and rates of virus transmission in the UK by critically analyzing and visualizing historical COVID-19 data, so that healthcare providers can prepare ahead of time. In order to achieve this goal, the study invested in the existing studies and selected ARIMA and Fb-Prophet time series models as the methods to predict confirmed and death cases in the following year. In a comparison of both models using values of their evaluation metrics, root-mean-square error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error show that ARIMA performs better than Fb-Prophet. The study also discusses the reasons for the dramatic spike in mortality and the large drop in deaths shown in the results, contributing to the literature on health analytics and COVID-19 by validating the results of related studies. Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Empowering the Fact-checkers! Automatic Identification of Claim Spans on Twitter

The widespread diffusion of medical and political claims in the wake of COVID-19 has led to a voluminous rise in misinformation and fake news. The current vogue is to employ manual fact-checkers to efficiently classify and verify such data to combat this avalanche of claim-ridden misinformation. However, the rate of information dissemination is such that it vastly outpaces the fact-checkers' strength. Therefore, to aid manual fact-checkers in eliminating the superfluous content, it becomes imperative to automatically identify and extract the snippets of claim-worthy (mis)information present in a post. In this work, we introduce the novel task of Claim Span Identification (CSI). We propose CURT, a large-scale Twitter corpus with token-level claim spans on more than 7.5k tweets. Furthermore, along with the standard token classification baselines, we benchmark our dataset with DABERTa, an adapter-based variation of RoBERTa. The experimental results attest that DABERTa outperforms the baseline systems across several evaluation metrics, improving by about 1.5 points. We also report detailed error analysis to validate the model's performance along with the ablation studies. Lastly, we release our comprehensive span annotation guidelines for public use. © 2022 Association for Computational Linguistics.

Extracting Drug-Related Tweets in COVID-19 Pandemic

Numerous comments from various world regions have been posted during the COVID-19 outbreak regarding the impact of drug use on the COVID-19 disease. Alongside this, this paper proposes a method for extracting drug-related tweets from the COVID-19 tweets dataset. Initially, using the Addiction Center and Oxford databases, a lexicon of drug-related words and phrases is proposed. Then, incremental revisions are made to this lexicon to enhance the accuracy, recall, and F1 score evaluation metrics. The final results demonstrate that the proposed lexicon is precise and accurate. © 2022 IEEE.

Classification of Tweets Self-reporting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Potential COVID-19 Cases Using RoBERTa Transformers

This study describes our proposed model design for SMM4H 2021 shared tasks. We fine-tune the language model of RoBERTa transformers and their connecting classifier to complete the classification tasks of tweets for adverse pregnancy outcomes (Task 4) and potential COVID-19 cases (Task 5). The evaluation metric is F1-score of the positive class for both tasks. For Task 4, our best score of 0.93 exceeded the median score of 0.925. For Task 5, our best of 0.75 exceeded the median score of 0.745. © 2021 Association for Computational Linguistics.

Towards Readability-Controlled Machine Translation of COVID-19 Texts

This project investigates the capabilities of machine translation (MT) models for generating translations at varying levels of readability, focusing on texts about COVID-19. Funded by the European Association for Machine Translation and by the Centre for Advanced Computational Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University, we collected manual simplifications for English and Spanish texts in the TICO-19 dataset, and assessed the performance of neural MT models in this new benchmark. Future work will implement models that jointly translate and simplify, and develop suitable evaluation metrics. © 2022 The authors.

Res-Dense Net for 3D Covid Chest CT-Scan Classification

One of the most contentious areas of research in Medical Image Preprocessing is 3D CT-scan. With the rapid spread of COVID-19, the function of CT-scan in properly and swiftly diagnosing the disease has become critical. It has a positive impact on infection prevention. There are many tasks to diagnose the illness through CT-scan images, include COVID-19. In this paper, we propose a method that using a Stacking Deep Neural Network to detect the Covid 19 through the series of 3D CT-scans images. In our method, we experiment with two backbones are DenseNet 121 and ResNet 101. This method achieves a competitive performance on some evaluation metrics. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Utilizing ML and DL Algorithms for Alert Classification in Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems: A Detailed Review

Intrusion detection/prevention systems have attracted much interest in recent years due to increased online connectivity. In recent years due to COVID pandemic and due to the increased number of online users, online data has become more and more exposed to different types of attacks. Hence, in order to keep data safe, it has become quite important to detect/prevent such attacks. An IDS is a sensor that is used for the observation of such attacks on the nodes or the network itself, and in this way, it tries to keep the information safe from possible attacks. However, accurately identifying such attacks so that they can be prevented effectively is a concern. This accuracy is measured by the number of false positive & false negative in a dataset. These days ML/DL algorithms are being significantly utilized for improving the accuracy of different systems (e.g., health care, stock market, forecasting etc.). Considering its importance, the work presented here studies the impact of using ML/DL algorithms on the accuracy of IDS/IPS. The impact of these algorithms is studied by using evaluation metrics for classification of network assaults in the intrusion detection system using different datasets. These algorithms are subject to further changes for improving the accuracy parameters based on evaluation metrics. © 2022 IEEE.

Forecasting Vaccination Growth for COVID-19 using Machine Learning

In this digital era, machine learning (ML) is becoming more common in the healthcare industry. It plays many essential roles in the medical field including clinical forecasting, visualization, and even automated diagnostics. This paper focuses on the future prediction of COVID-19 vaccination rates in different countries. Considering how destructive the novel Coronavirus has been and its continuous mutation and spread, clinical interventions such as vaccines serve as a ray of hope for many individuals. As of 2021, an estimated total of 8,687,201,202 vaccine doses by numerous biopharmaceutical manufacturers have been administered worldwide [1]. This study intends to estimate the probable increase or decrease in global vaccination rates, as well as analyze the correlation between future trends of daily vaccinations and new COVID-19 cases, along with deaths and reproduction rates. Three models were utilized in forecasting and comparing the overall prediction toward the COVID19 vaccine rates;Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), an ML approach, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), an artificial Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Prophet which is based on an additive model. The Vector Autoregression (VAR) model will also be utilized to compare COVID-19 cases, deaths and reproduction rates to that of COVID-19 vaccine growth. ARIMA resulted to be the best model, while Prophet turned out to be the worst-performing model. In general, our comparison of employing the ARIMA model vs the other three results in the conclusion that adopting this method shows to be a more effective approach in projecting vaccination growth in the future. Furthermore, a visible increase in future daily vaccinations can be seen to be correlated with the increase in COVID-19 cases, deaths reproduction rates, and a fluctuating trend in COVID-19 deaths. © 2022 IEEE.

Classification of COVID-19 Patients Using Deep Learning Architecture of InceptionV3 and ResNet50

This paper aims to compare the deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for a case study of 3 classes chest x-ray classification of patients with "COVID-19", "pneumonia", and "normal people"using 2 architectures, namely InceptionV3 and ResNet50. This model was created using the GoogleColab platform with the Python programming language. This comparison aims to find the best results using 4 evaluation metrics and several scenarios for dividing the number of datasets used for training and validation. The evaluation metrics used include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The best accuracy is generated on a model with the ResNet50 architecture with a training accuracy value of 98.62% and accuracy validation of 96.53%. While in the InceptionV3 architecture, the resulting value for training accuracy is 96.13% and accuracy validation is 91.52%. © 2021 IEEE.

Quality Evaluation of Image Dataset based on Label File

The quality of the dataset affects the accuracy of the artificial intelligence model, but it is a lot of work to manually detect errors related to the quality evaluation of the dataset, and it may not be possible to perform quality evaluation through simple viewing. Therefore, we propose an image dataset quality measurement model, including nine evaluation metrics, and analyze the evaluation metrics from three aspects: definition, calculation formula and description. Based on the label file, the quality of the dataset file and the content of the dataset is evaluated, and the evaluation standard is given to judge whether the quality of the dataset is qualified. The measurement model and evaluation criteria proposed in this article were verified against the Cifar-10 dataset and the COVID-CT dataset, and the problems of label accuracy and label category imbalance were found, which proved the effectiveness of the method in this paper. © 2021 IEEE.

A collaborative robot for COVID-19 oropharyngeal swabbing.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has increased mortality and morbidity world-wide. Oropharyngeal swabbing is a well-known and commonly used sampling technique for COVID-19 diagnose around the world. We developed a robot to assist with COVID-19 oropharyngeal swabbing to prevent frontline clinical staff from being infected. The robot integrates a UR5 manipulator, rigid-flexible coupling (RFC) manipulator, force-sensing and control subsystem, visual subsystem and haptic device. The robot has strength in intrinsically safe and high repeat positioning accuracy. In addition, we also achieve one-dimensional constant force control in the automatic scheme (AS). Compared with the rigid sampling robot, the developed robot can perform the oropharyngeal swabbing procedure more safely and gently, reducing risk. Alternatively, a novel robot control schemes called collaborative manipulation scheme (CMS) which combines a automatic phase and teleoperation phase is proposed. At last, comparative experiments of three schemes were conducted, including CMS, AS, and teleoperation scheme (TS). The experimental results shows that CMS obtained the highest score according to the evaluation equation. CMS has the excellent performance in quality, experience and adaption. Therefore, the proposal of CMS is meaningful which is more suitable for robot-sampling.